China vs Republic of Korea: population pyramids in 2040
ChinaRepublic of Korea
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
China and Republic of Korea compared
In 2040, China has a population of 1.35 billion and the Republic of Korea 49 million; China is about 27 times the size of the Republic of Korea.
The share aged 65 and over is 26.4% in China and 33.4% in the Republic of Korea, 7.1 points higher in the Republic of Korea. The median age is 49.3 years in China and 54.1 years in the Republic of Korea.
The total fertility rate is 1.13 in China and 0.93 in the Republic of Korea, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 81.7 years in China and 86.2 years in the Republic of Korea.
By 2050, the population of China is projected to shrink by 6.0% and that of the Republic of Korea to shrink by 7.7% compared with 2040.
GDP per person is $14K in China (2025) and $36K in the Republic of Korea (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2040)
| China | Republic of Korea | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1.35 billion | 49 million |
| Aged 0–14 | 9.4% | 7.7% |
| Aged 15–64 | 64.3% | 58.8% |
| Aged 65+ | 26.4% | 33.4% |
| Median age | 49.3 yrs | 54.1 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 41.0 | 56.8 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.13 | 0.93 |
| Life expectancy | 81.7 yrs | 86.2 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.50% | -0.63% |
| Net migration (per year) | -206,247 | +19,948 |
| GDP | $19.5T (2025) | $1.87T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $14K (2025) | $36K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 4.6% (2025) | 2.7% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.