Republic of Korea vs China: population pyramids in 2040
Republic of KoreaChina
Each bar is the share of the total population at that single year of age (men left, women right), so countries of different sizes can be compared.
Republic of Korea and China compared
In 2040, the Republic of Korea has a population of 49 million and China 1.35 billion; China is about 27 times the size of the Republic of Korea.
The share aged 65 and over is 33.4% in the Republic of Korea and 26.4% in China, 7.1 points higher in the Republic of Korea. The median age is 54.1 years in the Republic of Korea and 49.3 years in China.
The total fertility rate is 0.93 in the Republic of Korea and 1.13 in China, both below the replacement level of about 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 86.2 years in the Republic of Korea and 81.7 years in China.
By 2050, the population of the Republic of Korea is projected to shrink by 7.7% and that of China to shrink by 6.0% compared with 2040.
GDP per person is $36K in the Republic of Korea (2025) and $14K in China (2025).
Figures from 2024 are UN medium-variant projections.
Key figures (2040)
| Republic of Korea | China | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 49 million | 1.35 billion |
| Aged 0–14 | 7.7% | 9.4% |
| Aged 15–64 | 58.8% | 64.3% |
| Aged 65+ | 33.4% | 26.4% |
| Median age | 54.1 yrs | 49.3 yrs |
| Old-age dependency | 56.8 | 41.0 |
| Total fertility rate | 0.93 | 1.13 |
| Life expectancy | 86.2 yrs | 81.7 yrs |
| Population growth | -0.63% | -0.50% |
| Net migration (per year) | +19,948 | -206,247 |
| GDP | $1.87T (2025) | $19.5T (2025) |
| GDP per person | $36K (2025) | $14K (2025) |
| Unemployment | 2.7% (2025) | 4.6% (2025) |
Economic figures are the latest year published for each country.